Question

Echo chamber effects happen when...

a. People in online social networks only interact with peers sharing similar beliefs, ignore dissenting information, and form groups to reinforce their biases;
b. Data is unrepresentative of the population it is taken from;
c. The personalized newsfeed algorithm may require maximization of user engagement, ensuring the information's accuracy, and avoiding sens data and proting privacy;
d. The data used to train the Al algorithm for prediction are mainly based on résumés of male engineers.

Answer 1

Echo chamber effects occur when people in online social networks only interact with peers sharing similar beliefs, ignore dissenting information, and form groups to reinforce their biases.

Step-by-step explanation:

Echo chamber effects happen when people in online social networks only interact with peers sharing similar beliefs, ignore dissenting information, and form groups to reinforce their biases.

Confirmation bias plays a role in exacerbating echo chambers. When searching for information online, people tend to look for information that confirms their prior beliefs rather than what challenges them. Social media algorithms also contribute to echo chambers by directing users to content that reinforces their current beliefs and predispositions.

Peer networks and the ability to choose social networks further contribute to the creation of echo chambers, as individuals tend to surround themselves with like-minded individuals who reinforce their existing beliefs.