Question

The primary objective of the needs analysis phase of the system life cycle is to show clearly and convincingly that a valid operational need (or potential market) exists for a new system or a major upgrade to an existing system, and that there is a feasible approach to fulfilling the need at an affordable cost and within an acceptable level of risk. It answers the question of why a new system is needed, and shows that such a system offers a sufficient improvement in capability to warrant the effort to bring it into being. Identify a system of your choice that needs to be developed, either a new system or an existing system that needs an upgrade. Apply the systems engineering method to perform the needs analysis for the system you have chosen which follows the four basic steps; being:

1.1.1 operations analysis
1.1.2 functional analysis
1.1.3 feasibility definition and
1.1.4 needs validation.

Answer 1

A needs analysis performed on a desalination system involves operations analysis to determine market needs, functional analysis to define requirements, feasibility definition using cost modeling, and needs validation through prototype testing and refinement.

Step-by-step explanation:

Needs Analysis for a Desalination System

The needs analysis phase is crucial in the system life cycle for identifying the necessity and the approach for either a new system or an upgrade to an existing one. Let's apply the systems engineering method to perform a needs analysis for a desalination system.

1.1.1 Operations Analysis

To begin with, we identify areas with water scarcity and determine the potential market for desalination systems. Government regulations and environmental impact are also taken into consideration, alongside resource constraints such as personnel, technology, and budget.

1.1.2 Functional Analysis

Next, we review existing desalination technologies and pinpoint their limitations. Requirements and constraints are defined based on the needs of the target area and technological capabilities.

1.1.3 Feasibility Definition

In this step, mathematical models are used to estimate the costs for various approaches and evaluate them against other solutions. This includes materials, construction, operation, and maintenance expenses.

1.1.4 Needs Validation

A prototype design, such as a solar still for desalination, is proposed. This design is assessed against the requirements and constraints. If the prototype meets the established criteria, it can be validated as a feasible solution; if not, a different approach will be considered.

Once a prototype is found viable, it moves onto further design refinements to better meet the needs and constraints identified earlier. This iterative process ensures that the final design is not only functional but also cost-effective and efficient for the target scenario.