Final answer:
Gulick and Urwick expanded Taylor's scientific management theory with two main contributions: the POSDCORB framework encompassing seven administrative functions and emphasizing the division of labor and managerial principles for organizational efficiency.
Step-by-step explanation:
Luther Gulick and Lyndall Urwick significantly expanded on Frederick Taylor’s ideas of scientific management to enhance organizational efficiency. one of their main contributions to the theory was the introduction of the POSDCORB framework. this acronym stands for Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, Coordinating, Reporting, and Budgeting, and it represented a comprehensive view of the administrative management functions necessary for effective organizational management. additionally, Gulick emphasized the concept of division of labor and proposed the idea of departments specializing in particular areas, which was an extension of Taylor's focus on optimizing and simplifying tasks.
Urwick further contributed by consolidating Taylor's principles with Fayol's administrative theory, stressing the importance of managerial principles in guiding organizational efficiency. these contributions helped shift the focus from just improving task efficiency to considering the broader aspects of organizational management and structure, thereby enhancing the application of scientific theory to the organization beyond what Taylor had initially proposed.