Final answer:
The question requires knowledge about which models of management were not discussed in a student's coursework. The typical models are moral, amoral, and immoral management. The accurate response depends on the curriculum covered in the student's course, but if all were discussed, the answer would be option d. all of the above were discussed as management'.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question asks which model of management was not discussed in the textbook/lectures. The three models typically discussed in business and management courses are:
- Moral management, which holds that managers strive to follow ethical principles and do what is right in all situations.
- Amoral management implies that managers are indifferent to the ethics of their actions, often focusing strictly on business performance without considering the ethical implications.
- Immoral management is when managers knowingly act unethically or illegally to benefit themselves or the company, often at the expense of others or society as a whole.
If these three models were discussed in your class, then the option 'd. all of the above were discussed as management' would be the correct answer. If not, it's possible that your textbook or lectures did not cover one of these models, making that the correct answer. However, answering this question accurately depends on the specific curriculum covered in your class. Therefore, it's crucial to review your course material to determine the exact answer.