Final answer:
The entities ERCOT and PJM are Independent System Operators who manage electrical power systems, while IEEE is a professional standards organization and NERC oversees power system reliability. IEEE and NERC are not ISOs.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question asks which entities from a given list are Independent System Operators (ISOs). The correct answer is that ERCOT (Electric Reliability Council of Texas) and PJM (originally Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Maryland Interconnection) are ISOs. These organizations coordinate, control, and monitor the operation of the electrical power system, usually within a single US state or region. ISOs ensure reliable power supply and oversee energy markets. On the other hand, IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) is a professional association for electronic and electrical engineers which sets industry standards but is not an ISO. Similarly, NERC (North American Electric Reliability Corporation) is an organization that oversees the reliability of the bulk power system in North America but also does not function as an ISO.
Notably, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) established in 1977 is a separate entity that regulates the transmission and wholesale of electricity in interstate commerce and oversees the operations of ISOs.
Answer: 1.) ERCOT