Final answer:
An electronic speaker produces sound by vibrating the cone to create small changes in the air pressure. The audio amplifier board and Arduino Leonardo board control and amplify the electrical signal, while the power supply provides the necessary energy.
Step-by-step explanation:
Sound is produced by an electronic speaker when the cone of the speaker vibrates to create small changes in the pressure of the air.
When an electrical current is sent through the speaker's coil, it creates a changing magnetic field that interacts with a permanent magnet, causing the cone to vibrate. This vibration compresses and expands the air particles, creating sound waves.
Components such as the audio amplifier board and the Arduino Leonardo board are used to control and amplify the electrical signal sent to the speaker, while the power supply provides the necessary energy to power the circuit.