Question

We compare using BPSK, QPSK, and 16-QAM as the modulating schemes for communications in an AWGN channel.

Ifbthe same BER is achieved using all the three schemes, compare the necessary energy per bit among t three.

Answer 1

BPSK requires the least energy per bit, followed by QPSK and 16-QAM.

Step-by-step explanation:

When comparing BPSK, QPSK, and 16-QAM as the modulating schemes for communications in an AWGN channel, if the same Bit Error Rate (BER) is achieved using all three schemes, we can compare the necessary energy per bit among the three.

In BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying), each bit is represented by a phase shift of the carrier signal. It requires the least energy per bit because it uses only two phases, 0 degrees and 180 degrees.

In QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying), each symbol represents two bits using four different phase shifts, 0, 90, 180, and 270 degrees. The necessary energy per bit is higher than BPSK.

In 16-QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), each symbol represents four bits using both amplitude and phase shifts. It requires even higher energy per bit compared to BPSK and QPSK.