Final answer:
President is to republic as monarch is to monarchy. This analogy compares the leadership roles in different forms of government. In a republic, the leader is a president, whereas in a monarchy, the leader is a monarch, often a hereditary position.
Step-by-step explanation:
The relationship between a President and a republic has a counterpart in monarchies, where a monarch fulfills a role similar to that of a President in a republic. A republic is a form of government where the head of state is usually an elected or nominated president, whereas a monarchy is a form of government with a hereditary or divinely appointed ruler, such as a king, queen, prince, or princess.
Monarchies vary from absolute, where the monarch holds supreme power, to constitutional, where the monarch's power is limited and they act within the framework of a constitution and oftentimes alongside a parliamentary system, such as the United Kingdom's parliamentary democracy.
In a constitutional monarchy, the monarch may act as a symbolic head of state, with the actual governmental powers residing in an elected body, whereas in a presidential republic, the President is both head of state and head of government, with executive powers independent of the legislature.
Moreover, some countries have evolved from absolute monarchies to constitutional monarchies, reflecting a shift towards democratic governance and the rule of law.