Final answer:
Dividing by two corresponds to a single rightward shift in a number's binary representation, while multiplying by eight corresponds to a three-time leftward shift. The third statement is incomplete but suggests a similar principle of binary shifting to perform multiplication or division by powers of two.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question relates to the concept of shifting the binary representation of a number to the left or right to perform multiplication or division by powers of two. In binary mathematics, these shifts correspond to multiplication or division by 2.
a. Dividing by two is the same as shifting:
Dividing by two is essentially the same as shifting the binary digits of a number right one time. For example, if you have the binary number 1010 (which is 10 in decimal), shifting it right one place will give you 0101 (which is 5 in decimal), effectively dividing the original number by two.
b. Multiplying by eight is the same as shifting:
Similarly, multiplying by eight is the same as shifting the binary digits of a number left three times (since 2^3 equals 8). For instance, the binary number 0001 (1 in decimal) shifted left three places becomes 1000 (8 in decimal).
c. Dividing by is the same as shifting left/right 4 times:
In this case, the statement seems incomplete as the divisor is not specified. However, the principle remains the same: if a number is divided by 16 (which is 2^4), the binary digits would be shifted to the right four times.