Final answer:
Companies benefit from collaborations with NGOs through an improved image, differentiated products, and decreased costs; however, guaranteed market success is not a typical benefit of these collaborations.
Step-by-step explanation:
The benefits to companies from working with NGOs often include improved image, in the form of a seal of approval, which underscores their commitment to social or environmental issues. They can also benefit from differentiated products, as collaboration with NGOs can lead to innovative product development that addresses social or environmental concerns. Moreover, working with NGOs can lead to decreased costs due to shared resources or insights into more efficient processes.
However, it is important to note that collaboration with NGOs does not guarantee market success. Market successes are influenced by various factors, including consumer preferences, market conditions, and competition. The expectation of guaranteed market success should not be considered a typical benefit of working with NGOs.
NGOs also have an impact on global governance by drawing international attention to pressing issues, participating in treaty making, and helping deliver aid (option d).