Final answer:
Maslow's hierarchy is a psychological theory outlining five fundamental needs: Physiological, Safety, Belongingness and Love, Esteem, and Self-Actualization, with Self-Transcendence proposed as a later addition above Self-Actualization.
Step-by-step explanation:
Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is a psychological theory that illustrates five levels of human needs in the form of a pyramid. At the base of the pyramid are Physiological Needs, which include basics like food, water, and shelter — necessities for survival. The second level consists of Safety Needs, representing security and protection. The third tier is Belongingness and Love Needs, which involve relationships and community. The fourth level is Esteem Needs, concerning self-worth and recognition. Finally, at the peak of the pyramid is Self-Actualization, a state of realizing and fulfilling one's potential. Abraham Maslow later proposed adding Self-Transcendence above self-actualization to account for the pursuit of meaning beyond oneself. It is worth noting that this hierarchy suggests individuals are motivated to meet basic needs before progressing to satisfy higher-level needs and that personal growth occurs when they aim for self-actualization.