Final answer:
An alternative to a project-based organizational structure is a matrix organizational structure, where employees report to multiple managers and aims to optimize resource use and increase flexibility.
Step-by-step explanation:
An alternative to a project-based organizational structure that was discussed in class is a matrix organizational structure. Unlike project-based structures which are typically designed by project, a matrix structure creates a framework where employees report to multiple managers for different aspects of their work. This can include reporting to a functional manager for their discipline while simultaneously being accountable to a project manager for specific projects. This setup aims to optimize the use of resources, improve communication, facilitate access to a variety of expertise, and increase flexibility in handling changing business needs.