Final answer:
The correct answer is e. a promise to marry. In contract law, consideration refers to something of value given by both parties in a contract. Options a, b, c, and d provide valid consideration, but a promise to marry is not considered valid consideration.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is e. a promise to marry. In contract law, consideration refers to something of value given by both parties in a contract. It is what each party receives or gives up in the exchange for the other party's promise.
Options a, b, c, and d provide valid consideration. A dollar, a crate of apples, a promise to shovel your neighbor's driveway, and a peppercorn all have value and can be considered as valid consideration in a contract.
However, a promise to marry is not considered valid consideration because it relates to a personal and moral obligation, not a legally enforceable obligation.