Final answer:
The correct answer is c. Attribute-rating method. Product positioning maps are part of the attribute-rating method, where products are evaluated based on their attributes as perceived by consumers. This helps businesses in understanding how their products are positioned in relation to competitors.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct choice for the question about what product positioning maps are used in is: c. Attribute-rating method.
Product positioning maps, also known as perceptual mapping, involve a visual representation of how a product is positioned in the market based on specific attributes that are important to the customer. Marketers use these maps to understand how consumers perceive a product relative to competitors', usually based on two dimensions representing different product attributes. In terms of the modeling process, the correct order of steps is typically a. attention, retention, reproduction, motivation.
Regarding the quality of a design, engineers might focus on various attributes of a product, and it is crucial that prototypes are adequately tested to ensure they meet the desired standards. This thorough testing is essential in evaluating the quality of a design.