Final answer:
In a compensation program, merit pay is the one that emphasizes control through performance evaluations and rewards based on individual performance.
Step-by-step explanation:
The compensation program that uses a management style emphasizing control is d. merit pay. Merit pay systems are designed to reward employees based on their performance, which requires management to closely monitor and evaluate employee performance in a controlled manner. This stands in contrast to other compensation programs such as gainsharing plans or profit-sharing, which focus more on sharing the success of the company with employees and may not involve the same level of direct control over individual performance.
A merit system ensures that the most qualified applicants are given the position and requires a bureaucracy that is less responsive to the will of elected leaders than under patronage. This reflects the control-centric nature of a merit pay system, as it is based on the assessment and rewarding of individual performance.