Final answer:
The ratio of output voltage to input voltage either comes from the sum of voltage drops across resistors in a circuit via Ohm's law (V = IR) or from the transformer equation (Vs/Vp = Ns/Np) in the context of transformers.
Step-by-step explanation:
The ratio of the output voltage (V₂ₓₑ) to the input voltage (Vₒₓ) can refer to different contexts in physics related to electrical circuits or transformers. In the context of an electrical circuit with resistors, the output voltage is the sum of the voltage drops across each resistor, as defined by Ohm's law, which states V = IR where I is the current and R is the resistance. Hence, for resistors R₁, R₂, and R₃, their respective voltage drops would be V₁ = IR₁, V₂ = IR₂, and V₃ = IR₃, and the sum V = V₁ + V₂ + V₃ would be the total output voltage of the source.
In a transformer, the situation is quite different. The ratio of secondary voltage (Vs) to primary voltage (Vp) in a transformer is given by the transformer equation, which states that this ratio is equal to the ratio of the number of turns in their coils, or Vs/Vp = Ns/Np where Ns and Np are the number of turns in the secondary and primary coils, respectively. This relationship is a direct consequence of Faraday's law of induction and is fundamental in the transmission of electrical power.