Final answer:
Escape genes located in the pseudoautosomal regions and scattered throughout the X chromosome are able to escape the effects of X chromosome inactivation in female mammalian cells.
Step-by-step explanation:
The genes on the X chromosome that are able to escape the effects of X chromosome inactivation in female mammalian cells are known as escape genes. These genes are typically found in two regions: the pseudoautosomal regions (PAR) at the ends of the X chromosome that have homology with the Y chromosome, and a few other scattered genes throughout the X chromosome. These escape genes can be expressed from both the active and inactive X chromosomes, providing females with a functional backup in case of a mutation in one copy of the gene.