Final answer:
Managers following the behavioral approach engage in transactional or transformational leadership styles, focusing on supervision, goals, and change, or democratic, laissez-faire, and authoritarian styles, encouraging participation, autonomy, or directive actions, respectively.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to the behavioral approach in management, leaders engage in a variety of behaviors that cater to different situations and follower needs. Managers who adhere to transactional leadership focus primarily on supervision, organizational goals, and maintaining the status quo through a system of rewards and punishments. On the other hand, transformational leadership is characterized by leaders who embody charisma as role models, provide inspiration, stimulate intellectual growth, and offer individual consideration to their followers. These varying degrees of attributes make transformational leaders more effective at driving change within the organization.
In contrast to the transactional and transformational approaches, three distinct leadership styles are recognized by sociologists: democratic, laissez-faire, and authoritarian. Democratic leaders foster group participation and consensus-building, laissez-faire leaders provide autonomy to group members to self-manage, and authoritarian leaders issue orders and assign tasks with a strong focus on meeting goals. These leadership styles can be effective depending on the circumstances and the followers' individual needs for growth, extroversion, and workplace dynamic preferences.