Final answer:
Chemoreceptors that respond to changes in the external environment are known as exteroceptors. They are distinct from interoceptors and proprioceptors, which respond to internal stimuli and body position, respectively. Nociceptors, on the other hand, are specialized for pain detection.
Step-by-step explanation:
The chemoreceptors that respond to chemical changes in the external environment are called exteroceptors. Unlike interoceptors, which detect chemical fluctuations from the body's internal environment, and proprioceptors, which assess the position of the body in space, exteroceptors are specialized for sensing external stimuli such as taste or smell. An example of an exteroceptor includes the somatosensory receptors located in the skin. It's important to note that nociceptors are a specific type of receptor associated with the sensation of pain rather than general chemical detection in the environment.