Final answer:
The transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8 (TRPM8) responds to cold temperatures by opening and allowing positive ions into the neuron, causing depolarization and potentially triggering an action potential.
Step-by-step explanation:
The transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8 (TRPM8) is a membrane ion channel on sensory neurons that responds to cold in the 8º to 28ºC range by producing a depolarization. This channel is also known as the cold and menthol receptor because it can be activated by these stimuli as well.
When a cold temperature is experienced, TRPM8 channels open, resulting in the influx of positive ions like sodium (Na+) and calcium (Ca2+) into the neuron, causing the cell to depolarize. If the depolarization is significant enough to reach the threshold, an action potential is generated, and the sensation of cold is transmitted to the brain.