Question

In what way do mitochondrial mutations influence phenotype?

A. They cause the nuclear DNA to segregate ineffectively.
B. They affect the production of ATP generated through cellular respiration.
C. They affect the production of ribosomes and protein synthesis.
D. Mutated mitochondrial DNA has no effect on phenotypes.
Cells with mutated mitochondrial DNA cannot undergo anaphase.

Answer 1

Mutations in mitochondrial DNA can affect the production of ATP generated through cellular respiration. Option B is correct.

Step-by-step explanation:

Mitochondrial DNA mutations impact phenotype by disrupting ATP production in cellular respiration. Damage to mitochondrial DNA hinders the electron transport chain, reducing ATP synthesis and yielding diverse symptoms. Mitochondrial diseases, stemming from such mutations, manifest as muscle weakness, coordination deficits, and other symptoms linked to compromised energy production.

As the primary site for ATP generation, mitochondria play a pivotal role, and their genetic abnormalities can give rise to systemic consequences, emphasizing the intricate relationship between mitochondrial DNA integrity and overall cellular function, particularly in tissues highly reliant on energy, such as muscles and the nervous system. Hence, option B is correct.