Final answer:
The transforming principle discovered by Griffith is DNA, not RNA, as was later shown by Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty through their experiments. Additionally, Rosalind Franklin's and R.G. Gosling's work was critical to demonstrating the helical structure of DNA.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement "The transforming principle discovered by Griffith is RNA" is false. Frederick Griffith's experiment led to the discovery of the "transforming principle," but it was later determined by Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty that this principle is DNA, not RNA. They conducted experiments which showed that when DNA was destroyed, the ability to transform non-virulent bacteria into virulent ones was lost, proving that DNA was the material responsible for this transformation.
Rosalind Franklin and R.G. Gosling's work was indeed important in demonstrating the helical nature of DNA, which was a critical component in understanding the structure of DNA. This is affirmed in the given context. Moreover, A, C, G, and U represent the bases in RNA, with 'U' standing for uracil which substitutes 'T' for thymine found in DNA. It is also true that RNA typically consists of a single polynucleotide chain rather than a double helix structure as seen in DNA.