Final answer:
Spatial summation refers to the combination of graded potentials across the neuronal cell membrane caused by signals from separate presynaptic elements that add up to initiate an action potential.
Step-by-step explanation:
Spatial summation refers to the combination of graded potentials across the neuronal cell membrane caused by signals from separate presynaptic elements that add up to initiate an action potential. It is the result of multiple graded potentials at different locations on the neuron. Spatial summation is related to associating the activity of multiple inputs to a neuron with each other.