Final answer:
The conversion of Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate in glycolysis is catalyzed by the enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, involving oxidation and phosphorylation without using additional ATP, and is followed by the formation of ATP and 3-phosphoglycerate.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student asked how Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is converted into 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate during glycolysis. In this biochemical process, the enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. During this oxidation, high-energy electrons are transferred to NAD+ to produce NADH, and a second phosphate group is added, resulting in the formation of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. It’s important to note that this step occurs without the use of an additional ATP molecule and effectively this reaction happens twice for every glucose molecule that enters glycolysis.
Furthermore, each molecule of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate then donates a phosphate group to ADP forming ATP and 3-phosphoglycerate, a step that is catalyzed by the enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase. This step results in a net gain of energy with the production of ATP.