Final answer:
Energy efficiency is about converting energy into useful work effectively, whereas energy conservation is about reducing overall energy use. An efficient furnace generates more heat per unit of fuel compared to a less efficient one, thus conserving energy refers to actions that result in using less energy.
Step-by-step explanation:
The main conceptual difference between energy efficiency and energy conservation relates to the way we use energy. Energy efficiency refers to the fraction of energy that is converted into useful work during a process, while energy conservation involves reducing the overall consumption of energy through various methods. A practical example can be found in home heating systems. An energy-efficient furnace converts a higher portion of the fuel it consumes into heat, rather than wasting it as exhaust. On the other hand, energy conservation would involve steps such as insulating the home better or turning down the thermostat to use less energy in total.
Understanding energy efficiency allows us to make comparisons between different devices and systems. For instance, two furnaces may consume the same amount of natural gas but have different efficiencies. The one with a higher efficiency will produce more heat from the same amount of fuel, making it a better choice for both the environment and the homeowner's wallet.