Final answer:
The nuclear pore complex consists of roughly 30 proteins called nucleoporins, which regulate transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm through the nuclear envelope's protein-lined pores.
Step-by-step explanation:
The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is composed of approximately 30 different proteins called nucleoporins. These complexes are essential for the regulation of transport between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The NPC interacts with molecules and proteins, allowing them to move through the nuclear envelope, which consists of a double lipid bilayer. Active transport of materials is energy-dependent, often utilizing ATP hydrolysis to transport nuclear proteins against a concentration gradient.
The nuclear envelope contains protein-lined pores that are crucial for the passage of ions, molecules, and RNA. This selective transport ensures that essential molecules like mRNA and ribosomal subunits exit the nucleus into the cytoplasm, and proteins required within the nucleus, like those involved in DNA replication and repair, can enter from the cytoplasm.