Final answer:
The small intestine consists of three parts: the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, which facilitate digestion and absorption through a highly wrinkled mucosa with villi and microvilli.
Step-by-step explanation:
The three sequential parts of the small intestine are the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
The duodenum is the first section that receives chyme from the stomach. It is followed by the jejunum, which is about
0.9 meters or 3 feet long in the living body, extending to the ileum, the final section of the small intestine.
These parts are crucial for the digestion and absorption of nutrients, featuring a highly wrinkled mucosa with villi and
microvilli, dramatically increasing the surface area for nutrient absorption.