Final answer:
True statements about maintaining a positive sense of self include most people with high self-esteem acknowledging both their successes and failures, and the notion that self-serving bias can enhance self-esteem. False statements suggest that high self-esteem is linked to taking credit only for successes and making upward social comparisons, which isn't necessarily indicative of healthy self-esteem.
Step-by-step explanation:
True and False Statements About Maintaining a Positive Sense of Self
In understanding how to maintain a positive sense of self, it's important to distinguish between true and false statements regarding self-perception:
True Statement(s):
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- Most people with high self-esteem accept responsibility for their failures as well as their successes.
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- The self-serving bias enhances a positive sense of self by allowing individuals to attribute success to personal factors and failures to external situations, thereby protecting self-esteem.
False Statement(s):
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- People with high self-esteem tend to take credit for success and attribute failures to situations outside their control. This is a misunderstanding of the self-serving bias, which, while it does protect self-esteem, is not a characteristic of healthy self-esteem when overused.
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- People with high self-esteem make upward social comparisons. In fact, consistent upward social comparisons can negatively impact self-esteem by creating feelings of inadequacy.
Individuals with high self-efficacy have faith in their capabilities and view challenges as tasks to be mastered. Contrastingly, those with low self-efficacy may avoid difficult tasks and focus on possible failures.
According to Carl Rogers, a positive self-concept is crucial for a healthy and productive life, which requires congruence between our real self and ideal self. This is fostered by receiving unconditional positive regard from important figures in one's life.
Personal Reflection and Self-Concept
To assess one’s self-concept, personal reflections such as answering the question "Who am I?" and ascertaining whether the response is mostly positive or negative can provide insights into one's self-perception. An internal locus of control implies that individuals believe they have control over their lives and are responsible for their actions. Examples of this include taking credit for one's achievements and recognizing one’s own role in less successful outcomes. Conversely, an external locus of control involves attributing outcomes to outside forces or chance.