Final answer:
Critical literacy involves going beyond the surface of a text or image to analyze its deeper meaning and context. Therefore, the correct option is a. critical literacy.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of advocacy that involves moving beyond the surface of a text, image, historical tale, gesture, or moment of communication to see what lies beneath it is critical literacy. Critical literacy is the ability to analyze, interpret, and evaluate words and images to gain a deeper understanding. It entails looking at the underlying meanings, social contexts, and power dynamics behind texts and visuals.