Final answer:
The term for inflammation of the renal pelvis is 'pyelitis,' and it is related to a more serious condition called pyelonephritis, a kidney infection that can lead to kidney failure if not treated.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term derived from the information provided, which relates to the inflammation of the renal pelvis, is pyelitis. This condition is part of a more severe infection known as pyelonephritis, a serious kidney infection often caused by the spread of bacteria from a urinary tract infection (UTI) to the renal pelvis and beyond.
The infection can affect the upper urinary tract, including the ureters, and might lead to acute renal failure or potentially advance to stage 5 chronic kidney disease if left untreated. Common symptoms include back pain, fever, and nausea or vomiting. Diagnosis of pyelonephritis involves urinalysis, urine culture, and sometimes imaging, with treatment typically involving antibiotics.