Final answer:
Monoallelic expression is associated with X-inactivation and Genomic imprinting, as they involve the silencing of one allele within a gene so that only the other allele is expressed. Maternal inheritance and extranuclear inheritance relate to inheritance patterns and do not directly pertain to this silencing phenomenon.
Step-by-step explanation:
Monoallelic expression is a phenomenon where only one allele of a gene is actively transcribed and expressed, while the other allele is silenced. This can be due to several mechanisms, including:
- X-inactivation
- Genomic imprinting
- Maternal inheritance
- Extranuclear inheritance
In the context of monoallelic expression, both X-inactivation and Genomic imprinting are directly associated with this phenomenon. X-inactivation occurs in females where one of the X chromosomes is inactivated, which is an example of monoallelic expression because only one X chromosome is used for gene expression. Genomic imprinting is a process where genes are expressed in a parent-of-origin-specific manner, meaning that either the maternal or the paternal allele is expressed, but not both.
On the other hand, maternal inheritance and extranuclear inheritance both involve inheritance patterns, but they are not directly associated with the silencing of one allele within a gene that constitutes monoallelic expression.