Final answer:
Replication in science refers to redoing an experiment to verify results. The only option that is not an example of replication is a scientist conducting a peer review. Replication is crucial for the validation of research findings. So the correct answers are Option 4.
Step-by-step explanation:
The practice of replication refers to the repetition of a scientific investigation by either the original researchers or their colleagues to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the results. Among the options provided, the one that is not an example of replication is a scientist conducts a peer review of an experiment to check for errors. This is because peer review is a process of quality control that assesses the validity and clarity of a study before publication, rather than an actual repeat of the experimental work.
When designing an experiment to test the three models of DNA replication, one would expect different outcomes based on whether the semiconservative, conservative, or dispersive model is correct. Using labeled isotopes, the distribution of old and new DNA strands in the daughter cells would differ after replication depending on the correct model. Semiconservative replication would yield two strands with one parent and one new subunit, conservative replication would have one whole parent DNA and another with entirely new subunits, and dispersive replication would show each strand composed of interspersed parent and new segments.
Psychologists and other scientists rely on replication to establish the validity of research findings. Studies that withstand the test of replication are more likely to be accepted and adopted by the scientific community. The importance of replication has even led to the identification of what is called a "replication crisis," where the inability to replicate results has raised significant questions about certain scientific claims.