Final answer:
To determine if there is a statistically significant relationship between two variables such as weekly reading hours and reading achievement, a correlation test or regression analysis would be conducted. The alternative hypothesis would typically state that there is a statistically significant relationship. Outcomes of hypothesis testing are determined by comparing the p-value to the significance level (alpha). Therefore, the correct answer is Option A.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question being addressed is an exploratory analysis of whether there is a statistically significant relationship between weekly reading hours and reading achievement. To test this, one would typically use a regression analysis or a correlation test to determine the strength and significance of the relationship. The alternative hypothesis for this inquiry would generally be option a, "There is a statistically significant relationship between weekly reading hours and reading achievement."
In hypothesis testing, to conclude if the mean number of hours spent on an activity is significantly more than a certain value, one would perform a one-tailed t-test assuming normality of the data or use another appropriate test if the normality assumption is violated. The null hypothesis (H0) would state that there is no increase in the mean number of hours, while the alternative hypothesis (H1) would claim an increase.
For instance, if the task is to determine if the mean number of hours spent on homework has increased from a previously stated average, the null hypothesis (H0) would be that the mean number of hours is equal to the previously stated average, and the alternative hypothesis (H1) would be that the mean number of hours has increased.
The conclusion, such as in exercise 65, is based on the calculated p-value and the predetermined significance level (alpha). If the p-value is less than alpha, there is enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis in favor of the alternative hypothesis.