Final Answer:
The substrate for adenylyl cyclase (AC) is ATP (adenosine triphosphate), and the product is cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate).
Step-by-step explanation:
Adenylyl cyclase (AC) is an enzyme involved in cellular signaling, particularly in the production of cyclic AMP (cAMP). The substrate for adenylyl cyclase is ATP (adenosine triphosphate), a nucleotide that carries energy within cells. In the catalytic process, adenylyl cyclase converts ATP into cAMP by removing two phosphate groups, resulting in cyclic adenosine monophosphate.
cAMP serves as a second messenger in various signaling pathways, transmitting signals initiated by hormones and neurotransmitters. It activates protein kinase A (PKA) and participates in the regulation of cellular processes, including metabolism and gene expression. Understanding the substrate (ATP) and product (cAMP) of adenylyl cyclase is fundamental in comprehending cellular signaling mechanisms.