Final answer:
Epithelia are tissue composed of closely connected cells, while mesenchyme refers to embryonic connective tissue. Glycocalyx is a coat on cell surfaces, ECM is a network that provides structural support, and basement membrane separates epithelium from connective tissue. Tight junctions seal space between epithelial cells.
Step-by-step explanation:
Epithelia are tissues composed of closely connected cells with little or no extracellular material between them. They exhibit polarity with differences in structure between the exposed or apical facing surface and basal surface. Mesenchyme refers to a type of embryonic connective tissue that develops into various connective tissues in the body.
Glycocalyx is a sugary coat on the external surface of some cells, which can have various functions such as protection and cell signaling. ECM (extracellular matrix) is a network of extracellular molecules that provides structural support to cells.
Basement membrane is a specialized form of ECM that separates epithelial tissue from underlying connective tissue. It consists of a basal lamina, composed of glycoproteins and collagen, that attaches to the epithelium, and a reticular lamina, secreted by connective tissue, that provides further support.
Tight junctions are intercellular connections between epithelial cells that seal the space between them, preventing movement of substances between the cells. They serve as selective barriers. These terms are important in understanding the structure and function of epithelial tissue and its interactions with other tissues.