Question

There is a structure of a CH3CHCH2CH2CH backbone with a –CH3 group attached to the second (from left to right) carbon and an –O atom double-bonded to the sixth carbon. Spell out the full name of the compound.

Answer 1

The compound described is named 5-methylhexanal, with the methyl substituent located on the 5th carbon of the hexane chain and an aldehyde functional group (carbonyl) on the first carbon.

Step-by-step explanation:

The structure described is an alkane with a methyl group and a double-bonded oxygen, or a carbonyl group, as a substituent. To name this compound, we need to identify the parent chain, which, based on the description, has six carbon atoms, so the base name will be 'hexane'. However, since there's an oxygen double-bonded to the sixth carbon, this changes the suffix to '-onal', making it an aldehyde. Also, we need to account for the methyl group attached to the second carbon. Thus, the full name of the compound is 5-methylhexanal.

Here's the step-by-step process to name the molecule:

1. Count the carbon atoms in the longest chain to determine the parent name, which is 'hexane'.
2. Since the oxygen is double-bonded to the sixth carbon, it is an aldehyde, changing the name to 'hexanal'. However, the functional group should be on the first carbon to minimize numbering, so the actual molecule is 'hexanal', not '6-hexanal'.
3. Add the prefix for the methyl group attached to the second carbon of the chain. The methyl group is a substituent, so we use the prefix 'methyl-'.
4. Combine these components and arrange them by giving the lowest possible number to the carbon bearing the aldehyde group, which takes priority over the methyl group for numbering. The resulting name is 5-methylhexanal.