Final answer:
A Zener diode is designed to operate in the reverse breakdown region of its characteristic curve. In the reverse bias configuration, the diode allows current to flow freely in one direction but prevents current flow in the opposite direction. It regulates voltage and protects against voltage spikes.
Step-by-step explanation:
A Zener diode is designed to operate in the reverse breakdown region of its characteristic curve. When the voltage across the diode is positive and greater than a certain value called the breakdown voltage, the diode conducts current. In this reverse bias configuration, the diode allows current to flow freely in one direction but prevents current flow in the opposite direction. the behavior of a semiconductor diode can be understood by considering the configuration of the diode. In the reverse bias configuration, the depletion layer is widened and the potential energy difference across the p-n junction is increased, resulting in reduced current flow. In the forward bias configuration, the depletion layer is narrowed and electrons flow easily, leading to increased current flow.
Overall, a Zener diode is specifically designed to function in the reverse bias configuration, allowing it to regulate voltage and provide protection against voltage spikes.