Final answer:
A particular gene carries the information for a specific protein, while mRNA can be used to make any protein. Ribosomes, made up of rRNA and proteins, synthesize proteins by reading the mRNA codons with the help of tRNA, which carries amino acids.
Step-by-step explanation:
Correct answer: b. gene and mRNA; a ribosome and a tRNA.
A particular gene carries the information for making a particular protein, but mRNA can be used to make any protein. The mRNA carries the genetic code from DNA and is read by the ribosome, where protein synthesis occurs. The mRNA is read in sets of three bases known as codons, each coding for a single amino acid. Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis and consist of rRNA and proteins. tRNA carries the corresponding amino acids to the ribosome and matches them with the codons on the mRNA to form the protein.