Final answer:
The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland releases antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which is produced by the hypothalamus.
Step-by-step explanation:
The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, also known as the neurohypophysis, is responsible for storing and releasing certain hormones produced by the hypothalamus. Two of the primary hormones released by the posterior pituitary are oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH). The anterior lobe of the pituitary, on the other hand, produces a variety of hormones, including growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and others. Therefore, the correct answer to the question, "The posterior lobe of the pituitary produces which of the following?" is B) Antidiuretic hormone.