Final answer:
Abraham Maslow conducted research suggesting that humans and many other animals have basic needs for exploration and activity. He proposed the hierarchy of needs, which includes the progression from basic survival needs to the need for self-actualization as critical motivational drivers.
Step-by-step explanation:
The research suggesting that humans and many other animals have basic needs for exploration and activity was conducted by Abraham Maslow. Maslow is famed for his theory of a hierarchy of human needs, which highlights the importance of fulfilling basic survival needs before higher-level needs such as social needs and ultimately self-actualization can motivate behavior. His work laid the foundation for humanistic psychology, which focuses on the positive aspects of human nature and the inherent potential for self-growth and self-actualization.
On the other hand, Harry Harlow conducted research showing the importance of social comfort over mere sustenance in rhesus monkeys, emphasizing the essential need for affection and warmth in parental bonding and child development.