Final answer:
The corpus callosum is the brain structure that connects the two cerebral hemispheres, allowing for communication and the sharing of information between them.
Step-by-step explanation:
The brain structure described as the connection between the two cerebral hemispheres is the corpus callosum. The cerebrum is divided into the left and right hemispheres, which are connected by this thick bundle of axons. The corpus callosum is crucial for allowing communication between the two hemispheres, enabling them to share information efficiently.
About 200 million axons make up the corpus callosum, facilitating vital communication pathways. This allows the cerebral cortex of each hemisphere to interact and coordinate functions such as movement, sensation, and higher cognitive abilities like speech, reasoning, and problem solving.
Interestingly, though popular culture often talks about 'left-brained' or 'right-brained' people, this does not accurately reflect the interconnected nature of the hemispheres facilitated by the corpus callosum. The deep integration of the cerebral hemispheres through the corpus callosum exemplifies the sophisticated and holistic functioning of the human brain.