Final answer:
The correct term for the approach that studies the relationships between biological processes and behavior is termed physiological psychology, or biopsychology. This field investigates how the nervous system's structure and functions are related to behavior, and is a part of neuroscience.
Step-by-step explanation:
The approach that studies the relationships between biological processes and behavior is termed physiological psychology. This field, also known as biopsychology, closely examines how the structure and functions of the nervous system relate to behavior and mental processes. Biological psychologists integrate strategies from both psychology and physiology to explore how genetic factors, brain chemistry, and the anatomy of the nervous system influence behavior. Biopsychology is considered a component of the broader interdisciplinary field of neuroscience.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy, while it does involve the study of cognitive processes and behaviors, specifically refers to a type of psychotherapy that addresses negative patterns of thinking or behavior to improve mental health. Structuralism focuses on the components of the human mind and their interactions, and Gestalt psychology emphasizes understanding the human mind and behavior as a whole, rather than by dividing it into parts. Both are historical approaches to psychology but do not directly study the biological processes relevant to behavior.
In simple terms, physiological psychology is the study of the biological substrates of behavior and their interaction with environmental factors, which can include areas such as sensory and motor systems, neurodevelopment, and the biological underpinnings of psychological disorders.