Final answer:
Thalamic aphasia often involves retained fluency, but impaired auditory comprehension and repetition, fitting the Profile 2. In receptive aphasia, related to Wernicke's area damage, patients struggle to understand speech. Near-sighted individuals may not need corrective lenses for reading due to their condition compensating for age-related changes in near focus (accommodation).
Step-by-step explanation:
Thalamic aphasia is a language disorder that results from damage to the thalamus. The thalamus is involved in the relay of sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex, including those relevant for language processing. A patient with thalamic aphasia typically presents with relatively spared fluency, but may have impaired auditory comprehension and repetition abilities. The ability to speak fluently remains, but their language can be paraphasic, and they encounter issues with understanding spoken language and repeating phrases or sentences. Thus, the profile that best fits thalamic aphasia is Profile 2: Fluency: + | Auditory Comprehension: - | Repetition: -.
Damage to the major language areas, such as Broca's area (expressive aphasia) and Wernicke's area (receptive aphasia), can lead to various forms of aphasias. In the scenario where a patient responds to the question 'What is your name?' with a look of incomprehension, it is indicative of receptive aphasia, commonly associated with damage to Wernicke's area.
Correspondingly, for a person who is myopic (near-sighted), the ability to focus on near objects, or accommodation, might decline with age. However, because they are already near-sighted, they generally do not need corrective lenses to read a book or a computer screen, as their condition naturally compensates for the reduced accommodation.