Final answer:
The greatest gains in identity formation occur during adolescence, ages 12-18, when individuals explore different roles to establish a sense of self. This influences their ability to form intimate relationships in early adulthood. Identity formation during these years is crucial for long-term personal development and social relations.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to recent research, the greatest gains in identity formation typically occur during adolescence, ages 12-18. This is a critical period in Erikson's psychosocial development stages, where adolescents grapple with the concept of identity versus role confusion. They explore various roles and ideas, asking pivotal questions like "Who am I?" and "What do I want to do with my life?" Eventually, they begin to develop a sense of self that can either be strong and clearly defined or weak, leading to confusion about their roles in society.
After establishing a sense of identity in adolescence, individuals move into early adulthood, focusing on intimacy versus isolation. Developing a strong sense of self is crucial as it affects the ability to form meaningful relationships. For those who have struggled with identity formation during adolescence may experience difficulties in relating intimately with others, leading to feelings of loneliness and isolation.
Thus, the journey towards forming a positive self-concept that remains authentic despite external pressures begins early but is most influential during the adolescent years when a greater autonomy and individuality are sought after. The psychosocial changes experienced during this stage have long-lasting implications for personal development and relationships.