Final answer:
The central nervous system in humans includes the brain, housed within the skull, and the spinal cord, located within the vertebral column.
Step-by-step explanation:
In humans, the central nervous system consists of the brain, which is housed in the skull, and the spinal cord, which is housed in the vertebral column. The brain is the most complex part of the central nervous system and it includes key structures such as the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem.
The spinal cord serves as an information superhighway, transmitting sensory and motor input to and from the brain, and also controls motor reflexes. Both the brain and the spinal cord are covered with three layers of protective meninges, which are the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater.