Final answer:
Information processing theory is used in cognitive psychology to explain behavior and underlying cognitive processes by detailing how thoughts, perceptions, and memories are organized. It aids in the analysis of higher cognitive functions and the understanding of memory enhancement techniques and problem-solving heuristics.
Step-by-step explanation:
Information processing theory, by breaking cognitive processes down into their component steps, has been used to explain behavior and the cognitive and biological processes that underlie it. This approach has guided the study of cognitive psychology, focusing on how we organize thoughts and make sense of the world. Cognitive psychology helps in understanding high-level cognitive processes like thinking, language, problem solving, and creativity, and in exploring the different types of intelligence and their effects on various aspects of life, such as success in the workplace.For example, cognitive psychology examines the effect of cognitive biases, such as the use of heuristic or "rule of thumb" methods for problem solving. It also investigates techniques to enhance memory, like elaborative rehearsal and the self-reference effect, and the practice of breaking down complex tasks into smaller, more manageable steps.