Final answer:
Peer review is the process where professionals critique a scholarly article and provide feedback to ensure its quality before it is published.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process in which professionals critique an article and make suggestions for improvement before publication is known as peer review. This formal process is essential in scientific research, as it ensures the originality, significance, and quality of the material before it is accepted into scientific literature. When engaging in peer review, authors develop a first draft and then receive critique from peers who are knowledgeable in the subject matter.
These peers offer specific praise and constructive feedback, which the author then uses to revise the draft. The revised draft is further assessed by the peer reviewers, who will evaluate the soundness of the study's design, methods, and ethics, as well as the validity of the conclusions drawn. They may also assess the value of the research in advancing the discipline's knowledge. Ultimately, the journal editor decides whether the article will be published as is, published with revisions, or not accepted for publication.