Final answer:
Performance management is the process of ensuring that employees' activities and outputs match the organization's goals.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is b. performance management. Performance management refers to the process of ensuring that employees' activities and outputs align with the organization's goals. It involves setting clear performance expectations, regularly monitoring and evaluating performance, providing feedback, and taking corrective actions if necessary. Performance appraisals, which document employees' performance, play a role in performance management by assessing how well employees are meeting the organization's goals.