Final answer:
A type II error may occur due to a small sample, recently developed scales, or minimal controls.
Step-by-step explanation:
A type II error may occur as a result of all of the above options listed: a small sample, recently developed scales, and minimal controls. Type II errors, also known as false negatives, happen when the researcher fails to reject a null hypothesis that is actually false. These errors can occur due to various reasons, such as limited data from a small sample, measurement tools that have not been fully validated or tested, or inadequate control measures in the study design.