Final answer:
The DSM-5 diagnosis of Substance Use Disorder is characterized by a pattern of compulsive drug use despite negative consequences, with key features being physical and psychological dependence, tolerance, and withdrawal. It affects various neurotransmitter systems based on the drug used and often requires rehabilitation services.
Step-by-step explanation:
The diagnosis of Substance Use Disorder is given in the DSM-5 when a person demonstrates impaired control, the continued use of substances despite negative social, occupational, and health consequences, risky use, as well as evidence of tolerance and withdrawal. Substance Use Disorder in DSM-5 is characterized by a compulsive pattern of drug use, wherein both physical and psychological dependence play a crucial role. The DSM-5 outlines criteria for specific drug use disorders, and the diagnostic features include the persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control substance use, a great deal of time spent in activities necessary to obtain, use, or recover from the effects of the substance, and continued use despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by the effects of the substance.
Drugs implicated in substance use disorders affect various neurotransmitter systems in the brain. For instance, central nervous system depressants like alcohol, barbiturates, and benzodiazepines influence GABA neurotransmission, while central nervous system stimulants such as cocaine and amphetamines boost dopamine neurotransmission. Opiates, on one hand, interact with the endogenous opioid neurotransmitter system, while hallucinogens can alter sensory and perceptual experiences by affecting variable neurotransmitter systems.
The terms addiction and dependence are related to Substance Use Disorder, where addiction refers to the compulsive use of a drug despite negative outcomes, and dependence may be indicated by withdrawal symptoms upon cessation of use. These concepts are significant, as they can impact both the physical and mental health of the individual, leading to a necessity for rehabilitation services to treat and manage Substance Use Disorders effectively.